碳气凝胶及活化碳气凝胶电极材料制备与性能

 以间苯二酚(R)-甲醛(F)为原料,制备了有机气凝胶和碳气凝胶,并对其进行二氧化碳活化。X射线衍射(XRD)测试表明,二氧化碳渗入到碳气凝胶网络结构发生反应,造成(002)峰和(100)峰减弱;扫描电子显微镜(SEM)测试表明,活化没有破坏碳气凝胶的骨架结构,而是增加了大量的nm尺度微孔,从而大大提高了碳气凝胶的比表面积和微孔比例。在1 mol/L KOH电解液中进行了循环伏安和计时电位扫描测试,电极材料电化学性能稳定,具有较好的可逆性,在1 mA/s电流密度下进行充放电测试,得到活化前电极比电容为103 F/g,活化后由于比表面积的增加,比电容达到371 F/g,是一种理想的电化学电极材料。     

X射线散射法测量超光滑平面

介绍了掠入射X射线散射法(GXRS法)测量超光滑表面的原理及基于商业用X射线衍射仪改造而成的实验装置。以3片不同粗糙度的硅片作为实验样品,分别应用一级矢量微扰理论和改进的Harvey-Shack理论对其散射分布进行处理,所得结果与原子力显微镜测量结果基本相符。分析了探测器接收狭缝的宽度和入射光发散度对实验结果的影响,随着探测器接收狭缝宽度和入射光发散度的减小,测量误差呈指数迅速减小。在所测量的空间频率范围内,功率谱密度（PSD）函数的误差随频率的增加而减小。     

EAST外杜瓦协同仿真技术的研究

为验证EAST(Experimental and Advanced Superconducting Tokamak)外杜瓦工程设计的可靠性,借助三维设计软件CATIA和有限元分析软件ANSYS,基于协同仿真技术对其进行了研究,结果与EAST运行过程中外杜瓦的实验数据较好的吻合,进行的研究为同类装置外杜瓦的研发提供了有益的参考。     

An efficient synthesis of 3-substituted indole derivates under ultrasound irradiation

A solvent-free procedure for the synthesis of 3-substituted indole derivates from indoles and nitroalkenes under ultrasound irradiation is described. Control experiments disclosed besides mechanical effects, namely agitation, sonochemical effects are the main forces to drive the reaction. In the method, 2-chloroethanol was used to prepare a wide variety of 3-substituted indole derivates. This procedure only need equimolar amounts of reaction substrates and can be readily scaled up.     

Interfacial reaction of intermetallic compounds of ultrasonic-assisted brazed joints between dissimilar alloys of Ti6Al4V and Al4Cu1Mg

Ultrasonic-assisted brazing of Al4Cu1Mg and Ti6Al4V using Zn-based filler metal (without and with Si) has been investigated. Before brazing, the Ti6Al4V samples were pre-treated by hot-dip aluminizing and ultrasonic dipping in a molten filler metal bath in order to control the formation of intermetallic compounds between the Ti6Al4V samples and the filler metal. The results show that the TiAl(3) phase was formed in the interface between the Ti6Al4V substrate and the aluminized coating. For the Zn-based filler metal without Si, the Ti6Al4V interfacial area of the brazed joint did not change under the effect of the ultrasonic wave, and only consisted of the TiAl(3) phase. For the Zn-based filler metal with Si, the TiAl(3) phase disappeared and a Ti(7)Al(5)Si(12) phase was formed at the interfacial area of the brazed joints under the effect of the ultrasonic wave. Due to the TiAl(3) phase completely changing to a Ti(7)Al(5)Si(12) phase, the morphology of the intermetallic compounds changed from a block-like shape into a lamellar-like structure. The highest shear strength of 138MPa was obtained from the brazed joint free of the block-like TiAl(3) phase.     

Contact welding study of carbon nanotube with ZnO nanowire

Study of proton beam induced welding of multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) with ZnO nanowires (NWs) has been carried out by proton (H⁺) beam irradiation. The samples were irradiated by 70-keV proton (H⁺) ion beams at different substrate temperatures. The irradiation-induced defects in CNTs and ZnO NWs were greatly reduced at elevated temperature. The crystalline structure of ZnO NWs and MWCNTs were found to remain stable after the irradiation at 700 K. As a preparation step, a coupling of two parallel ZnO NWs with irradiation has also been demonstrated. The welding mechanisms of MWCNTs and ZnO NWs were also been suggested. These two welding processes between same and distinct nanostructures to form homo- and hetero-junctions have provided an opportunity to mass produce interconnecting one-dimensional structures used for the manufacturing of future nanowire-based electronic circuits and devices.     

Assembly,characterization, and photocatalytic activities of TiO<Subscript>2</Subscript> nanotubes/CdS quantum dots nanocomposites

The semiconductor quantum dots (QDs) can be very efficient to tune the response of photocatalyst of TiO₂ to visible light. In this study, CdS QDs formed in situ with about 8 nm have been successfully deposited onto the surfaces of TiO₂ nanotubes (TNTs) to form TNTs/CdS QDs nanocomposites by use of a simple bifunctional organic linker, thiolactic acid. The diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS) spectra of as prepared samples showed that the absorption edge of the TNTs/CdS composite is extended to visible range, with absorption edge at 530 nm. The photocatalytic activity and stability of TNTs/CdS were also evaluated for the photodegradation of rhodamine B. The results showed that when TNTs/CdS QDs was used, photocatalytic degradation of RhB under visible light irradiation reached 91.6%, higher than 45.4 and 30.5% for P25 and TNTs, respectively. This study indicated that the TNTs/CdS QDs nanocomposites were superior catalysts for photodegradation under visible light irradiation compared with TNTs and P25 samples, which may find wide application as a powerful photocatalyst in environmental field.     

Systematic study on visible light collimation nanostructured slits in the metal surface

We present a systematic experimental investigation on visible light collimation by a nanostructured slit flanked with a pair of periodic array of grooves in gold thin film. A wide variety of aspects are considered, such as the polarization state, the transport path of incident light, the groove-groove spacing, the groove width and depth. Our results clearly show that the relationship between the collimation wavelength and the periodicity of the slit-groove structure accords well with the surface plasmon dispersion model proposed by previous researchers. Furthermore, the surface plasmon wave phase retardation effect induced by the surface structure is also verified via the measurement for samples with different groove widths and depths. These results indicate that the detailed geometry of the groove structure has obvious impacts on the collimation effect and the angular distribution of the diffraction light in the subwavelength plasmonic system.     

Adsorption-controlled transition of the electrical properties realized in Hematite（alpha-Fe2O3） nanorods ethanol sensing

Alpha-Fe2O3 nanorods are synthesized through a hydrothermal method with no surfactant introduced and ethanol sensors are fabricated from these nanorods.The device can respond to ethanol vapour in a concentration range from 1 to 1500 parts per million and shows both p-type and n-type responding characteristics during the investigation of the ethanol sensing.The sensor displays a p-type characteristic when the ethanol concentration is low and converted into an n-type characteristic as the concentration exceeds a certain value.Such a phenomenon is attributed to the chemisorbed oxygen,which leads to different modifications of the energy band at the surface,namely,depletion layer or inversion layer.     

磁石的傅里叶变换红外光谱指纹图谱研究

对不同产地和批次的13个生磁石样品的红外光谱法进行分析,建立磁石的红外光谱指纹图谱,并将炮制品和生品进行分析比较.发现所有生磁石样品指纹图谱的相似度均大于0.97;磁石炮制后相似度和相关系数均降低.傅里叶变换红外光谱指纹图谱可用于商品磁石的分析与品质评价.